CURRICULUM VITAE
KENNETH CHARLES HOLMES
Research Group Biophysics
Max Planck Institut fr medizinische Forschung
Jahnstra§e, 29
69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Telephone +49 6221 486270
Fax +49 6221 486437
Nationality: United Kingdom
Date of birth 19. Nov. 1934 (London)
1945 - 1952 Chiswick County School
1952 - 1955 St. John«s College, Cambridge
1955 BA, University of Cambridge
1959 MA, University of Cambridge
1959 Ph.D. University of London
1955 - 1960 Research Assistant and Research Associate, Birkbeck
College (University of London) Department of Crystallography
1960 - 1961 Research Associate in Pathology The Childrens
Hospital, Boston, USA and Childrens Cancer Research
Foundation
1961 - 1968 Scientific Staff, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge,
England
1968 Member of EMBO
1968 - 2003 Director of the Department of Biophysics, Max-Planck-Institut fr Medizinische
Forschung Heidelberg
1971- 1999 Professor of Biophysics at the University of Heidelberg
1972 Scientific Member of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
1975 - 1976 Acting Head of Outstation, EMBL Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory at
DESY, Hamburg
1981 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society, London
1994 Elected Member of the Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften
1997 Elected Corresponding Member of the Nordrhein-Westflische
Akademie der Wissenschaften, Dsseldorf
1997 Award of the Gabor Medal of the Royal Society of London
2000 Award of the European Latsis Prize
2001 Award of the Gregori Aminoff Prize of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Kenneth Holmes was born in London in 1934 and attended
schools in Chiswick in west London. He obtained his B.A. at St. Johns
College, Cambridge. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1959 at Birkbeck
College London working on the structure of tobacco mosaic virus with Rosalind
Franklin (officially supervised by JD Bernal). Tragically, Franklin died during
this period and the work was completed with Aaron Klug. After a post-doc
(1960-61) at ChildrensÕ Hospital Boston, with Don
Caspar where he also started to work on muscle structure with Carolyn Cohen, he
returned to the newly opened Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge. Here
he developed methods and X-ray optics for the analysis of structures by X-ray fibre diffraction. He worked with Aaron Klug on the structure
of tobacco mosaic virus and with Hugh Huxley and J.D. Pringle (Oxford) on
muscle. In 1968 he moved to Heidelberg to open the Department of Biophysics at
the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research where he remained as director
until his retirement in 2003.
During this time he completed the structure of tobacco mosaic virus by
fiber diffraction and solved the structures of a number of protein molecules by
protein crystallography including the structure of the muscle protein actin. He solved the structure of the actin
filament using X-ray fiber diffraction data in combination with crystal data.
Increasingly he has worked on the molecular mechanism of muscle contraction. In
1970 he pioneered the use of synchrotron radiation as a source for X-ray
diffraction and founded the EMBL outstation at DESY Hamburg.
List of Publications
1 Franklin, R.E., and K. C. Holmes
The helical arrangements of the protein
subunits in tobacco mosaic virus
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 21, 405-406 (1956)
2 Franklin, R.E.,
A. Klug, and K. C. Holmes
X-ray diffraction studies of the
structure and morphology of tobacco mosaic virus
Ciba Foundation Symp. on the
nature of viruses, pp. 29-35, Churchill London (1956)
3 Franklin, R.E.,
and K. C. Holmes
Tobacco mosaic virus: Application of the
method of isomorphous replacement to the
determination of the helical parameters and the radial density distribution
Acta Cryst. 11,
213-220 (1958)
4 Holmes, K. C., and R. E. Franklin
The radial density distribution in some
strains of tobacco mosaic virus
Virology 6, 328-336 (1958)
5 Franklin, R.E., A. Klug, J.T.Finch, and K. C.
Holmes
On the structure of some ribonucleoprotein particles
Disc. Farad. Soc. 25, 197-198 (1958)
6 Holmes, K. C.
X-ray diffraction studies on tobacco
mosaic virus and related substances
Ph. D. Thesis, London University (1959)
7 Carlisle, C.H., K. C. Holmes, and J. B. Hutchinson
X-ray diffraction pattern of doughs from strong and weak flours.
Chemistry in Industry, p. 1216-1217 (1960)
8 Langridge, R., and K. C. Holmes
X-ray diffraction studies of
concentrated gels of ribosomes from E. coli
J. Mol. Biol. 5, 611-617 (1962)
9 Cohen, C., and K. C. Holmes
X-ray diffraction evidence for helical
coiled-coils in native muscle
J. Mol. Biol. 6, 423-432 (1963)
10 Holmes, K. C., and R. Leberman
The attachment of a complex uranyl fluoride to tobacco mosaic virus
J. Mol. Biol. 6, 439-441 (1963)
11 Holmes, K. C., and A. Klug
Structure of tobacco mosaic virus: a 10
A resolution projection
through the subunit, Acta Cryst. A16,
79 (1963)
12. Brndn, C-I.,
K.C. Holmes, and J.C. Kendrew
A group-refinement program applied to
the structure of myoglobin.
International Union of Crystallography Congress, Rome, Abstracts p. 184 (1963)
13 Holmes, K. C., and D. M. Blow
The use of X-ray diffraction in the study of
protein and nucleic acid structure.
Methods of Biochem. Analysis 13, 116-239 (1965)
14 Holmes, K. C.
The isomorphous replacement method
in "Computing Methods in Crystallography", ed. J.S. Rollett, pp.146-158 Pergamon
Press (1965)
15 Gregory. J., and K. C. Holmes
Methods of preparing oriented tobacco
mosaic virus sols for X-ray diffraction.
J. Mol. Biol. 13, 796- 801(1965)
16 Reedy, M. K., K. C. Holmes, and R.T. Tregear
Induced changes in orientation of the
cross bridges of glycerinated insect flight muscle
Nature 207, 1276-1280 (1965)
17 Huxley, H. E., Brown, W., and K. C. Holmes
Constancy of axial spacings
in frog sartorius muscle during contraction.
Nature 206, 1358 (1965)
18 Holmes, K. C. and R. E. Monro
Studies on the structure of parasporal inclusion from Bacillus thuringiensis.
J. Mol. Biol. 14, 572-581 (1965)
19 Fox, G. C., and K. C. Holmes
An alternative method of solving the
layer scaling equations of Hamilton, Rollet, and
Sparks
Acta Cryst. 20,
886-891 (1966)
20 Huxley, H. E., K. C. Holmes, and W. Brown
The design requirements of vertebrate striated
muscle
in"Principle of Biomolecular
Organisation", CIBA Symp.
eds. Wolstenholme and O«Connor, pp. 259-266, Churchill, London (1966)
21 Clark, B.F.C., Doctor, B. P., K. C. Holmes, A. Klug, K. A. Marcker, S. J. Morris,
and H. H. Paradies
Crystallisation of transfer RNA.
Nature 219, 1222-1224 (1968)
22 Caspar, D.L.D., and K. C. Holmes
Structure of Dahlemense
Strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus: A periodically deformed helix
J. Mol. Biol. 46, 99-133, (1969)
23 Cramer, F., F. v. d. Haar, K. C. Holmes, W. Saenger, E. Schlimme, and G. E.
Schulz
Crystallization of yeast phenylalanine
transfer Ribonucleic acid.
J. Mol. Biol. 51, 523-530 (1970)
24 Holmes, K. C., J. Barrington Leigh, A. Klug, and P. v. Sengbusch
X-ray diffraction studies on tobacco
mosaic virus; an electron density
map at 10A resolution.
Hoppe Seyler«s Z. Physiol. Chem.351, 115
(1970)
25 Schulz, G.E, A. N. Barrett, F. Cramer, F. v. d. Haar,
K. C. Holmes, W. Kabsch, W. Saenger,
E. Schlimme, and E. Wilde
X-ray crystallographic studies of
phenylalanine tRNA from yeast.
Hoppe Seyler«s Z. Physiol. Chem. 351, 130
(1970)
26 Rosenbaum, G., K. C. Holmes, and J. Witz:
Synchrotron radiation as a source for
X-ray diffraction.
Nature 230, 434 (1971)
27 Barrett, A. N., J. Barrington Leigh, K. C. Holmes, R. Lebermann,
E. Mandelkow, and P. v. Sengbusch
An electron density map of tobacco
mosaic virus at 10 A resolution
Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 36,433
(1971)
28 Holmes, K. C.
Molecular structure of the actomyosin system in cross striated
muscle.
Mol. Bio-eng. and Macromol. Biochem., ed. H. H. Weber, pp. 90-110
Springer, Heidelberg, (1972)
29 Holmes, K. C., E. Mandelkow, and J. Barrington
Leigh
The determination of the heavy atom
positions in tobacco mosaicvirus
from double heavy atom derivatives.
Naturwiss. 59, 247-254 (1972)
30 Mannherz, H. G., J. Barrington Leigh, K. C.
Holmes, G. Rosenbaum,
R. S. Goody, and F. Eckstein
Die Identifizierung
einer zweiten Myosinkonfiguration mit Hilfe von
ATP-Analogen.
Hoppe Seyler«s Z. physiol. Chem. 353, 734
(1972)
31 Barrington Leigh, J., K. C. Holmes, H. G. Mannherz,
G. Rosenbaum,
F. Eckstein and R. S. Goody
Effects of ATP analogues on the low
angle X-ray diffraction pattern of
insect flight muscle.
Cold Spring Harbor Symp.
Quant. Biol. 27, 443-447 (1972)
32 Mandelkow, E., K. C. Holmes, J. Barrington Leigh,
and E. Wilde
A 10A resolution electron density map of
TMV using a semiautomatic
data processing system.
Proc. IV. Intern. Biophys. Congr., Moscow , Vol. 4, 419-420 (1972)
33 Holmes, K. C.
Ein Vergleich der Forschungseinrichtungen in Gro§britannien und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Jahrb. d. MPG 1972 113-130
Forschungseinrichtungen
in Gro§britannien
Umschau 338-340 (1973)
34
Barrington Leigh, J., K. C. Holmes, and G. Rosenbaum
X-ray diffraction in biology.
In: Research. Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Proc. Study-Symp.June1972,
Brookhaven Nat. Lab.Report, BNL 50381, (1973)
35 Mandelkow, E., K. C. Holmes, and U. Gallwitz
Structure studies on repolymerized
TMV protein.
Proc. Stockholm Symp.
Structure of Biol. Molec.,p
66 Stockholm (1973)
36 Mannherz, H. G., J. Barrrington
Leigh, K. C. Holmes, and G. Rosenbaum
Identification of the transitory complex
of myosin-ATP by the use of
[alpha], [beta]-methylene
ATP.
Nature New. Biol. 241, 226-229 (1973)
37 Mandelkow, E., K. C. Holmes, and U. Gallwitz
Strukturuntersuchungen von repolymerisiertem
TMV-Protein
Hoppe Seyler«s Z. Physiol. Chem. 345, 1223 (1973)
38 Holmes, K. C.
Synchrotron radiation and its
application in biology
Endeavour 33, 59-66 (1974)
39 Mandelkow, E., and K. C. Holmes
The position of the N-terminus and
residue 68 in Tobacco Mosaic Virus
J. Mol. Biol. 87, 265-273 (1974)
40 Holmes, K. C.
Selbstorganisation biologischer Strukturen
Umschau 1974, 739-741
41 Holmes, K. C.
Application of Synchrotron Radiation in
Biology
4. Int. Conf. Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics,Hamburg pp.809-822 (1974)
42 Holmes, K. C., and J. Barrington Leigh
The effect of disorientation on the
intensity distribution of non-
crystalline fibres.Part
I
Acta Cryst. A30,
635-638 (1974)
43 Goody, R. S., K. C. Holmes, H. G. Mannherz, J.
Barrington Leigh, and G. Rosenbaum
Cross-bridge conformation as revealed by
X-ray diffraction studies of
insect flight muscle with ATP analogues.
Biophys. J. 15, 687-705 (1975)
44 Holmes, K. C., G. J. Stubbs, E. Mandelkow, and U. Gallwitz
Structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus at 6.7
A Resolution
Nature 254, 192-196 (1975)
45 Holmes; K. C.:
Selbstorganisation biologischer Strukturen
Klin. Wschr. 53,
997-1005 (1975)
46 Mandelkow, E., K. C. Holmes, and U. Gallwitz
A new helical aggregate of Tobacco
Mosaic Virus Protein
J. Mol. Biol. 102, 265-285 (1976)
47 Mannherz, H. G. und K. C. Holmes
Muskeln arbeiten nach dem Prinzip
eines Ruderers
Umschau 7, 203-208 (1976)
48 Holmes, K. C., R. S. Goody, H. G. Mannherz, J.
Barrington Leigh and G. Rosenbaum
An investigation of the cross bridge
cycle using ATP analogues and low
angle X-ray diffraction from
glycerinated fibres of insect flight muscle.
26. Colloquium - Mosbach 1975, Mol.Basis
of Motility (L.Heilmeyer, J. C.Regg,
Th. Wieland, eds) pp 26-41 Springer (1976)
49 Holmes, K. C.
Emerging Techniques: Synchrotron
Radiation
TIBS 2, N183-N184 (1976)
50 Stubbs, G., Warren, S. and Holmes, K. C.
Structure of RNA and RNA binding site in
tobacco virus from 4-A map calculated from X-ray fibre
diagrams
Nature 267, 216-221 (1977)
51 Barrington-Leigh, J., Goody, R. S., Hofmann, W., Holmes, K. C.,
Mannherz, H-G.,Rosenbaum,
G. and Tregear, R. T.:
The interpretation of X-ray diffraction
from glycerinated flight muscle
in "Insect Flight Muscle: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium April
1977" (ed R. Tregear)
pp. 137-146 North-Holland Oxford.
52 Holmes, K.C.
The myosin cross-bridge as revealed by
structure studies
In: Myocardial Failure, Int. Boehringer Mannheim Symp.
Eds. G. Riecker, A. Weber et al., pp.16-27,Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1977)
53 Holmes, K.C. and Stubbs, G.
Structure and assembly of tobacco mosaic
virus
Hoppe-Seyler«s Z. Physiol. Chem. 359,
1047-1048 (1978)
54 Jardetzky, O., Akasaka,
K., Vogel, D., Morris, S. and Holmes, K.C.
Unusual segmental flexibility in a
region of tobacco mosaic virus coat protein
Nature 273, 564-566 (1978)
55 Holmes, K.C.
The use of sychrotron
radiation as a source for x-ray diffraction
Applied Fibre Science vol 1
(ed F. Happey) pp. 219-237 Academid
Press New York (1978)
56 Tregear, R.T., Milch,
J.R., Goody, R.S., Holmes, K.C. and Rodger, C.D.
The use of novel X-ray diffraction
techniques to study the effect of nucleotides on cross-bridges in insect flight
muscle
In: Cross-Bridge Mechanism in Muscle Contraction ,
Eds. H.Sugi and G.H. Pollack
pp. 407-423 Univ. Press, Tokyo (1979)
57 Highsmith, S., Akasaka,
K., Konrad, M., Goody, R.S., Holmes, K.C.,
Wade-Jardetzky, N. and Jardetzky,
O.
Internal motions in myosin
Biochemistry 18, 4238-4244 (1979)
58 Holmes, K.C.
Protein-RNA interactions during TMV
assembly
J. Supramol Struct 12, 305-320 (1979)
59 Holmes, K.C. und Goody, R.S.
An analysis of the structure of insect
flight muscle in rigor and in the presence of ATP ([beta], [gamma]-NH)
J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 1, 199 (1980)
60 Holmes, K.C.
Protein-RNA interactions during the
assembly of tobacco mosaic virus
TIBS 5, 1-4 (1980)
61 Holmes, K.C., Tregear, R.T. and Barrington-Leigh,
J.
Interpretation of the low angle X-ray
diffraction from insect flight
muscle in rigor
Proc. R.Soc. London B 207, 13-33 (1980)
62 Rosenbaum, G. and Holmes, K.C.
Small-angle diffraction of X-rays and
the study of biological structures
In: Synchrotron Radiation Research, Eds. H. Winick,
S. Doniach, pp. 533-564, Plenum (1980)
63 Holmes, K.C.
Protein-RNA interactions during TMV
assembly
In: Nucleic Acids and Proteins
Proc. Symp. Shanghai, Ed. Shen
Zhao-wen, pp. 442-453, Sci. Press, Peking (1980)
64 Holmes, K.C.
Selbstorganisation biologischer Strukturen
In: Biomimetik als Chance: Ein neues therapeutisches
Prinzip, Eds. H. Porcher, K.Theurer, pp. 1-24 Enke Verlag Stuttgart (1980)
65 Wray, J. and Holmes, K.C.
X-ray diffraction studies of muscle
Ann. Rev. Physiol. 43, 553-565 (1981)
66 Holmes, K.C.
The structure and assembly of simple
viruses
In: Structural Molecular Biology, Eds. D.B. Davies et al.,
pp. 475-505, Plenum (1982)
67 Holmes, K.C., Goody, R.S. and Amos, L.A.
The structure of S1-decorated actin filaments calculated from electron micrographs
Ultramicroscopy 9, 37-44 (1982)
68 Amos, L.A., Huxley, H.E., Holmes, K.C. and Goody, R.S:
Structural evidence that myosin heads
may interact with two sites on F-actin
Nature 299, 467--469 (1982)
69 Goody, R.S: and Holmes, K.C.
Synchrotron radiation as a tool in
muscle physiology
In: Uses of Synchrotron Radiation in Biology , Ed. H. Stuhrmann, pp. 203-222 Acad.
Press London (1982)
70 Holmes, K.C.
Mit Physik zur chemischen Struktur von Biomoleklen
Nachr. Chem. Tech. Lab. 30, 1007-1009 (1982)
71 Goody, R.S: and Holmes, K.C.
Cross-bridges and the mechanism of
muscle contraction
Biochim Biophys.Acta 726,
13-39 (1983)
72 Holmes, K.C.
Flexibility in tobacco mosaic virus
In: Motility and Function in Proteins and Nucleic Acids, CIBA Foundation Symp.
93, 116-138 Pitman, London (1983)
73 Holmes, K.C. and Goody, R.S.
The molecular basis of muscle
contraction
In: Motility and Function in Proteins and Nucleic Acids, CIBA Foundation Symp.
93, 139-155, Pitman, London (1983)
74 Holmes, K.,C.
The structure determination of tobacco
mosaic virus
In: Biological Macromolecules and Assemblies Vol. 1, Ed. A.McPherson,
pp. 121-148, Wiley (1984)
75 Holmes, K.C. and Goody, R.S.
The nature of the actin
cross-bridge interaction
In: Advances Exp Med Biol 170, 374-384 (1984)
76 Goody, R.S:, Reedy, M.K., Hofmann, W., Holmes, K.C.
and Reedy, M.C.
Binding of myosin subfragment
1 to glycerinated insect flight muscle in the rigor state
Biophys. J. 47, 151-169 (1985)
77 Holmes, K.C.
Synchrotron radiation as an X-ray
source: An overview
In: Structural Biological Applications of X-ray Absorption, Scattering, and
Diffraction, Eds. H.D. Bartunik and B. Chance, pp.
349-355, Academic Press, Orlando (1986)
78 Haffner, H., Appel, H.
and Holmes, K.C.
A hydrogen bond study in tobacco mosaic
virus using Mssbauer
spectroscopy
Eur. Biophys. J. 14, 37-41 (1986)
79 Klaus, W., Schlichting, I., Goody, R.S., Wittinghofer, A. , Rsch, P.
and Holmes, K.C.
31P NMR studies on ATP.Mg2+p21-nucleotide
complexes. Chemical shifts, rate and equilibrium constants.
Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 367, 781-786 (1986)
80 Wray, J., Goody, R.S. and Holmes, K.C.
Towards a molecular mechanism for the
cross bridge cycle.
In: Molecular Mechnism of Muscle Contraction, Eds. H.
Sugi, G. Pollack, pp. 49-59
Plenum, New York, (1988)
81 Scherer, A., John, J., Linke, R., Goody, R.S., Wittinghofer, A., Pai, E.F. and
Holmes, K.C.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray
analysis of the human c-H-ras- oncogene
product p21 complexed with GTP analogues.
J. Mol. Biol. 206, 257-259 (1989)
82 Pai, E.F., Kabsch, W., Krengel, U., Holmes, K.C., John, J. and Wittinghofer,
A.
Structure of the
guanine-nucleotide-binding domain of the Ha-ras
oncogene product p21 in the triphosphate
conformation.
Nature 341, 209-214 (1989)
83 Holmes, K.C.
Synchrotron radiation as a source for
x-ray diffraction: the beginning
Topics in Current Chemistry, 151, 1-7 (1989)
84 Kabsch, W., Mannherz, H.-G., Suck, D., Pai, E.F. and
Holmes, K.C.
Atomic structure of the actin:DNase 1 complex.
Nature 347, 37-44 (1990)
85 Holmes, K.C., Popp, D., Gebhard, W. and Kabsch, W.
Atomic model of the actin
filament.
Nature 347, 44-49 (1990)
86 Holmes, K.C. and Kabsch, W.
Muscle Proteins: Actin.
Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1, 270-280 (1991)
87 Flaherty, K.M., McKay, D.B., Kabsch, W. and
Holmes, K.C.
Similarity of the three-dimensional
structures of actin and the ATPase
fragment of a 70-kDa heat shock cognate protein
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 5041-5045 (1991)
88 Popp, D., Maeda, Y., Stewart, A.A.E. and Holmes, K.C.
X-ray diffraction studies on muscle
regulation
Adv. Biophys. 27, 89-103 (1991)
89 Holmes, K.C., Tirion, M., Lorenz, M., Popp, D., Kabsch, W., and Milligan, R.A.
The structure of the actin
filament: comparison of the X-ray diffraction structure with cryoelectron miscroscopy.
Biol. Chem Hoppe-Seyler, 372,
680 (1991)
90 Schrder, R.R., Hofmann, W., Menetret,
J.-F., Holmes, K.C. and Goody, R.S.
Cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified muscle
samples
Electron Microsc. Rev. 5,
171-192 (1992)
91 Lorenz, M., Holmes, K.C.
Computer Processing and Analysis of
X-ray Fibre Diffraction Data
J. Appl. Cryst. 26, 82-91 (1993)
92 Rayment, I., Holden, H. M., Whittaker, M., Yohn, C. B., Lorenz, M.,
Holmes, K. C., & Milligan, R. A.
Structure of the Actomyosin
Complex and its implications for Muscle Contraction.
Science, 261, 50-58 (1993)
93 Schrder, R. R., D. J. Manstein,
W. Jahn, H. M. Holden, I. Rayment,
K. C. Holmes
and J. A. Spudich (1993).
The Interaction of the Dictyostelium
myosin head with actin: a structural model of
decorated actin.
Nature 364: 171-174.
94 Lorenz, M., Popp, D., & Holmes, K. C.
Refinement of the F-Actin
Model against X-Ray Fiber Diffraction data by the use of a directed mutation
Algorithm.
J. Mol. Biol. 234, 826 -836 (1993)
95 Holmes, K.C., Tirion, M., Popp, D., Lorenz, M., Kabsch, W. and
Milligan, R.A.
A comparison of the atomic model of f-actin with cryo-electron
micrographs of actin and decorated actin.
Advances in Experimental Biology and Medicine, 332,
15-24 (1993)
96 Holmes, K.C., Sander, C., and Valencia, A.
A new ATP-binding fold
in actin, hexokinase and
Hsc70
TIBS 3, 53-59 (1993)
97 Holmes, K.C.
Solving the structures of macromolecular
complexes.
Structure 2, 589-593 (1994)
98 Lorenz, M., K. J. V. Poole, D. Popp, G. Rosenbaum and K. C. Holmes
An atomic model of the unregulated thin
filament obtained by x-ray diffraction on orientated actin-tropomyosin
gels.
J. Mol Biol. 246, 108-119 (1994).
99 Tirion, M., D. ben-Avraham and K. C. Holmes
Vibrational modes of g-actin.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 358, 3-12 (1994)
100 Holmes, K. C. (1995).
The actomyosin interaction and its control by tropomyosin.
Biophysical J. 68,
2s-7s.
101 Kabsch, W. and K. C. Holmes
(1995).
The actin fold.
FASEB J. 9, 167-174.
102 Schrder, R. R., W. Jahn,
D. J. Manstein, J. Spudich
and K. C. Holmes
The uses of filter cryo-electron
microscopy to reveal details of the actomyosin
interaction.
Biophys J.
68, 349s (1995)
103. Tirion, M., D. ben-Avraham,
M. Lorenz and K. C. Holmes .
Normal modes as
refinement parameters for the f-actin model.
Biophys. J. 68, 5-12 (1995)
104. Holmes K.C.
Muscle proteins - their actions and
interactions.
Current Opinion in Structural Biology 6, 781-789. (1996)
105 Holmes K.C.
The swinging lever arm hypothesis of muscle
contraction.
Current Biology 7, R112 - R118 (1997)
106 Holmes, K. C.
Dynamics of biomolecules
investigated by x-ray diffraction.
In: Rntgen Centennial,
X-rays in Natural and Life Sciences, Eds. A. Haase,
G. Landwehr, E. Umbach, pp.
209 - 226, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.,
London (1997).
107 Huxley H.E. and K.C. Holmes
Development of synchrotron radiation as
a high-intensity source for X-ray diffraction.
J. Synchrotron Rad. 4, 366-379 (1997)
108 Holmes, K.C.
Muscle Contraction
In: The limits of reductionism in Biology, ed. L. Wolpert.
Novartis Foundation Symposium 213, 76-92 (1998)
109 Holmes, K.C. and G. Rosenbaum
How X-ray diffraction with synchrotron
radiation got started
J. Synchrotron Rad. 5, 147-153 (1998)
110 Holmes, K.C.
From rare to routine
Nature Structural Biol. 5, 618-619 (1998)
111. Holmes K.C.
A Powerful Stroke
Nature Structural Biol. 5, 940-942 (1998)
112
Holmes K.C.
A Molecular Model of
Muscle Contraction
Acta Cryst. A54,
789-797 (1998)
113 Geeves, M.A. and Holmes, K.C.
Structural Mechanism of Muscle
Contraction
Ann. Rev. Biochem. 68, 687-728 (1999)
114 Furch, M. Fujita-Becker, S. Geeves,
M.A., Holmes, K.C., and Manstein, D.
Role of the salt-bridge between switch-1
and switch2 of Dictyostelium
myosin
J. Mol. Biol. 290, 795-809 (1999)
115 Holmes, K.C.
Measuring motions in muscles
Nature Structural Biology 6, 818 (1999)
116
Holmes K.C.
Structural Biology
Phil. Trans. Roy.
Soc. Lond. B 354, 1977-1984 (1999)
117 Holmes, K. C. and M. A. Geeves
The structural basis of muscle
contraction
Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 355, 419-431
(2000)
118 Schroeder R.R,
Angert I, Frank J., Holmes K.C.
Multivariate statistical analysis and tomographic processing of helical objects.
Proc. ICEM 15, 443-444 (2002)
119 Holmes, K. C.,
Angert, I., Kull, F. J., Jahn,
W. and Schroder, R. R.
Electron cryo-microscopy
shows how strong binding of myosin to actin releases
nucleotide. Nature 425, 423-7.(2003)
120 Holmes, K. C.
and Schroder, R. R.
Switch 1 opens on strong binding to actin.
Adv Exp Med Biol
538, 159-66 (2003)
121 Holmes, K. C.
Driven to diffraction.
Nature 431,1037-1038 (2004)
122 Holmes, K. C.
Introduction: Muscle Contraction
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359, 1813-8 (2004)
123 Ernberg, I. and Holmes, K. C.
Obituary: Carl-Ivar
Branden (1934-2004).
Nature 429, 714.(2004)
124 Holmes, K. C.,
Schroder, R. R., Sweeney, H. L. and Houdusse, A.
The structure of the rigor complex and
its implications for the power stroke.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359, 1819-28 (2004)
125 Holmes, K. C.
The molecular basis of
cross-bridge function.
Adv Exp Med Biol 565, 13-22. (2005)
126 Fischer, S., Windshugel, B., Horak, D.,
Holmes, K. C. and Smith, J. C.
Structural mechanism of the recovery
stroke in the myosin molecular motor.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102,
6873-8 (2005)
127 Geeves, M. A. and Holmes, K. C.
The molecular mechanism of muscle
contraction.
Advances in Protein Chemistry 71,
161-193 (2005)
128 Fujita-Becker, S., Reubold,
T. F., and Holmes, K. C.
The Actin-Binding
Cleft: Functional Characterisation of Myosin II with
a Strut Mutation.
J. Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 26, 1-9 (2006)
129 Holmes, K. C
The life of a sage.
Nature 440, 149-150 (2006)
130 Poole, K. J., Lorenz, M., Evans, G.,
Rosenbaum, G., Pirani, A., Craig, R.,Tobacman,L.S.,
Lehman, W. and Holmes, K. C.
A comparison of muscle thin
filament models obtained from electron microscopy reconstructions and low-angle
X-ray fibre diagrams from non-overlap muscle.
J Struct Biol 155, 273-84 (2006)
131 Holmes, K. C. and Lehman, W.
Gestalt-binding of tropomyosin
to actin filaments.
J Muscle Res. Cell Motil. 29, 213-219 (2008)
132 Holmes, K. C.
Structural biology: actin
in a twist.
Nature 457, 389-90 (2009)
133 Li, X.E., Holmes, K.C., Lehman W., Jung H. and Fischer
S.
The shape
and flexibility of tropomyosin coiled coils:
implications for actin filament assembly and
regulation.
J Mol Biol. 395, 327-39 (2010)
134 Holmes K.C. 50 years of fiber diffraction.
J Struct Biol. 170, 184-191
(2010)
135 Li, X.E., Lehman, W., Fischer, S. and Holmes, K.C.
Curvature
variation along the tropomyosin molecule.
J Struct Biol. 170, 307-12
(2010)
136 Lorenz, M. and Holmes K.C.
The actin-myosin interface.
Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. 107, 12529-34 (2010)
137 Holmes, K.C.
Steric blocking mechanism explains stretch activation in
insect flight muscle
Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. 108, 7-8 (2011)
138 Dominguez. R. and Holmes K.C.
Actin structure and function
Ann. Rev. Biophys. 40, (in
press) (2011)